Concept:Artificial scarcity is a deliberate reduction in the availability of goods in the market to influence prices.Explanation:Retailers create artificial scarcity by hoarding goods, meaning they withhold products from the market to make them seem scarce.This action forces consumers to buy at higher prices when the goods are eventually released.Under producing is done by producers, not retailers, and price hiking is the result, not the cause of artificial scarcity.Answer:B. hoarding