Concept:Bye-laws are local regulations made by lower authorities under powers granted by a higher legislature.Explanation:Bye-laws apply only within a specific local area.They are not made directly by parliament or congress.Instead, an enabling Act of Parliament delegates law-making power to local government councils.This allows the local government to create rules for matters such as markets, sanitation, and traffic within its jurisdiction.Therefore, a bye-law is made by the local government.Answer:D. the local government