Concept: The Sokoto Caliphate was founded by a Fulani Islamic scholar and reformer through a successful jihad.Explanation:The Sokoto Caliphate was a powerful West African empire in what is now northern Nigeria.Usman dan Fodio, a Fulani Islamic leader and political figure, established the caliphate.He led a successful campaign against the Hausa rulers in the early 19th century.His military success and Islamic reforms created a centralised state with Sokoto as the capital.Among the listed options, Usman dan Fodio is the correct founder of the Sokoto Caliphate.Answer:C. Usman dan Fodio