Concept:Expensive modernization projects financed by foreign loans can cause heavy debt and loss of sovereignty.
Explanation:Khedive Ismail launched vast projects such as railways, telegraphs, and the Suez Canal.
These projects were funded mainly through high-interest loans from European banks.
Egypt’s revenues could not repay the massive debts that accumulated.
To raise money, Egypt was forced to sell its Suez Canal shares to Britain.
This weakened Egyptian control and opened the door for European interference.
Eventually, Britain and France took charge of Egypt’s finances and affairs.
Therefore, Ismail’s modernization brought foreign control rather than true power.
Answer:A. Massive debt and eventual control by European powers.