Concept:Permanent exemption from the Ramadan fast applies when a person can never make up the missed days, such as an elderly person with no hope of recovery.
Explanation:Fasting in Ramadan is obligatory for every healthy adult Muslim.
Some conditions only give a temporary excuse from fasting.
A pregnant woman may break her fast, but she must make up the missed days later.
A breastfeeding mother may also break her fast and repay the days when she is able.
A menstruating woman is not allowed to fast during her period, yet she must still make up those days after Ramadan.
These three cases are therefore temporary exemptions, not permanent ones.
Old age, however, often brings lasting weakness or chronic illness.
When an elderly person is completely unable to fast and has no hope of regaining strength, Islamic law grants a permanent exemption.
In place of fasting, such a person must pay fidyah by feeding one poor person for each day missed.
Answer:The correct option is C. old age.