Concept:Pre-planting operations are the steps of land preparation that must be carried out in a definite order before any crop is planted.
Explanation:The sequence begins with clearing, which removes bushes, weeds, and all unwanted surface vegetation from the land.
After clearing, stumping is done to dig out tree stumps and large roots that remain in the soil.
Ploughing comes next to turn the soil over, loosen it, and prepare it for further working.
Finally, harrowing breaks down large lumps of soil and levels the field to create a good seedbed.
Each operation prepares the ground for the next one, so this order cannot be changed.
Answer:A. clearing → stumping → ploughing → harrowing