Concept:The chemical makeup of soil is mainly inherited from the original rock material that weathers to form it.Explanation:Parent material determines the types of minerals and nutrients available in the soil.It supplies essential elements such as Ca, K, and P.Climate, time, and topography affect weathering and soil development, but they do not control the basic chemical composition as strongly as parent material does.Thus, the chemical composition of soil is mostly influenced by the parent material from which the soil develops.Answer:D. Parent material