Concept:Esterification of an alkanol with an alkanoic acid needs a strong acid catalyst and heat.Explanation:An alkanol reacts with an alkanoic acid to form an alkanoate (ester) and water.The reaction is reversible: alkanol+alkanoic acid⇌alkanoate+water.Concentrated H2SO4 acts as a dehydrating agent and catalyst.It removes water from the equilibrium mixture, shifting the reaction toward ester formation.Heat is necessary to provide the activation energy and increase the reaction rate.Therefore, the required conditions are concentrated H2SO4 and heat.Answer:B. Conc. H2SO4 and heat