Concept:Data gathering involves collecting factual information using systematic methods.
Explanation:Counting, measuring, and calculating are direct ways of collecting or producing data.
Counting means tallying items or events.
Measuring means determining physical quantities such as length or mass.
Calculating means using mathematical operations to obtain numerical values.
A voting process collects choices or opinions rather than factual data.
Hence, voting is not considered a normal means of data gathering.
Answer:B. voting process