Concept:A joint stock company raises finance from share capital, borrowed funds, and retained earnings; cooperative loans are not among these sources.
Explanation:A joint stock company obtains funds mainly by issuing shares to the public, which forms its ownership capital.
It also borrows money by issuing debentures, taking bank loans, and accepting public deposits.
These borrowed funds are repayable with interest and are considered debt capital.
Cooperative loans, however, are given by cooperative societies only to their own members.
A joint stock company is not a member of the cooperative society in this context, so it cannot receive such loans.
Therefore, cooperative loans are not a normal source of finance for a joint stock company.
Answer:B. cooperative loans