Concept:Monetary policy tools are used by the central bank to control money supply and credit, while fiscal policy tools are used by the government.Explanation:Monetary policy tools include open market operations, reserve requirements, and the bank rate.Tax and public expenditure are tools of fiscal policy, not monetary policy.Since the question asks for the option that is NOT a monetary policy tool, tax and public expenditure is the correct choice.Answer:D. tax and public expenditure