Concept:An "appeal" is a formal request made to a higher authority or court to review or change a decision.Explanation:The sentence describes a situation where a person challenges an official ruling or judgment. The correct expression for this action is to "lodge an appeal" or "file an appeal." "Application" is used for seeking permission or a job. A "petition" usually refers to a signed request signed by many people. A "complaint" only expresses dissatisfaction without asking for a formal review. Therefore, only "appeal" fits the context of requesting a higher authority to reconsider a decision.Answer:B. appeal