Concept: Federalism is adopted to manage diversity, not uniformity. Homogeneity is not a condition for its adoption.
Explanation:Large countries adopt federalism to ensure effective administration.
Population size helps determine the need for sharing power among regions.
Defence and security require unity of different states under one central system.
But homogeneity means people are the same in culture, language, or origin.
A homogeneous society does not need federalism to preserve differences.
Federalism is usually adopted in heterogeneous societies to protect diversity.
Therefore, homogeneity is not a condition for adopting federalism.
Answer: D. homogeneity