Concept:A bye-law is a law or regulation made by a subordinate government body under powers delegated to it by the legislature.
Explanation:The term "bye-law" usually refers to rules made by local government bodies for the good order of their locality.
Such authorities derive their law-making power from an enabling Act of Parliament.
For example, a city council may pass bye-laws on waste disposal, street trading, or public health.
The judiciary does not make bye-laws; it interprets and applies the law in courts.
The executive implements and enforces existing laws but does not create bye-laws.
The legislature makes the principal Acts of Parliament, not bye-laws.
Thus, the institution of government that directly makes bye-laws is the local authority.
Answer:D. local authorities