Concept:Pre-independence West African political parties were often criticised for lacking a truly national character.
Explanation:Many of these parties were formed around regional, ethnic, or tribal interests.
They focused on protecting the interests of their own group rather than the whole nation.
This made their programmes narrow and divisive.
As a result, they failed to build a broad, unified movement that could effectively challenge colonial rule.
Their regional outlook weakened national unity and slowed the struggle for independence.
Answer:The correct option is C: were not national in outlook.