Concept:A representative government requires an informed and literate electorate to function properly.
Mass illiteracy directly undermines the foundation of true representation.
Explanation:A representative government is one in which citizens elect leaders to make decisions on their behalf.
For such a government to work, voters must be able to understand issues, policies, and candidates.
Mass illiteracy means that a large number of voters cannot read or write.
These voters are easily misled by false promises, emotional appeals, and propaganda.
They may also be manipulated into selling their votes or supporting unworthy candidates.
This increases the risk of electoral malpractice and reduces the quality of representation.
Therefore, illiteracy makes it difficult for the people to genuinely choose their representatives.
Pressure groups, a vibrant political culture, and an independent electoral commission all help to strengthen democracy and fair elections.
They do not hinder the establishment of a representative government.
Answer:A. Mass illiteracy