Concept:Political equality means every citizen has an equal right to participate in governance, including the right to vote.
Explanation:A restricted franchise limits voting rights based on criteria such as property ownership, gender, or race.
This directly contradicts the idea that all citizens should have equal political rights.
When some people are allowed to vote while others are excluded, the principle of political equality is violated.
Such restrictions do not relate to constitutionalism or sovereignty, because those concepts deal with the authority of government and the rule of law, not equal voting access.
Thus, the violation is specifically against political equality.
Answer:C. political equality