Concept:The term for the fixed official routine followed in the civil service is bureaucracy.
Explanation:Civil service work is based on established rules, procedures, and a clear chain of command.
The official routine observed while carrying out functions is not merely a command or order.
It is the organised, rule-bound system known as bureaucracy.
Bureaucracy ensures uniformity, efficiency, and accountability in government administration.
Therefore, the correct option is bureaucracy.
Answer:D. bureaucracy