Concept:Rutherford’s experiment reveals that an atom has a small, dense, positively charged core called the nucleus.
Explanation:Most alpha particles passed straight through the thin gold film without any deflection.
This shows that most of the atom is empty space.
However, a few alpha particles were deflected considerably, sometimes even bouncing back.
Since alpha particles are positively charged, a large deflection can only occur due to a strong repulsive force.
This strong repulsion must come from a concentrated positive charge inside the atom.
The fact that only a very small fraction of particles were strongly deflected shows that this positive charge occupies an extremely tiny volume.
Therefore, the nucleus of an atom is positively charged and is concentrated in a tiny volume.
It does not contain alpha particles, nor are alpha particles emitted by the nucleus in this experiment.
Answer:A. is positively charged and is concentrated in a tiny volume.