Concept:The Mahdiyya Movement was a Sudanese religious and political uprising against foreign domination.Explanation:Muhammad Ahmad led the movement in the 1880s.He proclaimed himself the Mahdi, an expected Islamic redeemer.His main aim was to end the oppressive Egyptian and Ottoman rule over Sudan.The movement united many Sudanese groups to fight against foreign control.Therefore, the driving cause was resistance to Egyptian and Ottoman authority.Answer:A. Egyptian and Ottoman control